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of Phytopathology

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Use of endophytic microorganisms for the management of Tomato brown rugose fruit virus in tomato crop (Solamun lycopersicum)

By Carlos D. Ramos Villanueva, Guadalupe Carrillo Benitez, Erika J. Zamora Macorra*, Eduardo Santiago Elena, Samuel Ramírez Alarcón, Jezrael Jimenez Vidals, Ricardo Ricardo López

* Corresponding Author. Email: - / Institution: Universidad Autónoma Chapingo

Accepted: 30/November/2023 – Published: 19/December/2023 – DOI: https://doi.org/10.18781/R.MEX.FIT.2023-1

Abstract Background and objective: The Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) is one of the main pathogens affecting tomato crops in Mexico. Despite efforts to prevent its spread, it is nearly impossible due to its low transmission percentage through seeds and its high susceptibility to being transmitted through cultural practices. Therefore, alternative management strategies are being sought. This research aimed to determine the effect of endophytic microorganisms applied to the soil on tomato plants infected with ToBRFV.

Materials and Methods. A tomato plant was used as an experimental unit, with 13 repetitions per treatment. The treatments on tomato plants infected with ToBRFV were Beauveria peruviencis, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Pseudomonas sp. and water as a sick witness; a treatment of healthy plants treated with water was also included as an absolute control. The response variables were plant height, fresh weight of the aerial part and root and severity (two evaluations). Measurements were analyzed using Tukey-Kramer HSD tests for each pair. Results and conclusion: Significant differences were found Beauveria peruviencis, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Pseudomonas sp. and water as a sick witness. The treatment that most favored the development of infected plants (79% taller and 15% heavier than infected mock) and reduced its severity was B. peruviensis, followed by Pseudomonas sp. On the other hand, the treatment that resulted in the least plant development (31% smaller than infected mock) and even increased the severity of the infection was T. longibrachiatum.

Keywords: Beauveria, Pseudomonas, Trichoderma, Severity

Figure 1. A: Infected plants with Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV), treated with various microorganisms, and the diseased mock control. B: Healthy mock plants. C: Comparison among ToBRFV-infected plants treated with different microorganisms. D: Representative symptoms induced by ToBRFV, illustrating leaf mosaic at 20 days after inoculation (dai) and shoot deformation at 35 dai.
Figure 1. A: Infected plants with Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV), treated with various microorganisms, and the diseased mock control. B: Healthy mock plants. C: Comparison among ToBRFV-infected plants treated with different microorganisms. D: Representative symptoms induced by ToBRFV, illustrating leaf mosaic at 20 days after inoculation (dai) and shoot deformation at 35 dai.
Figure 2. Mean of the response variables, obtained at the end of the experiment, for each treatment applied to ToBRFV- infected (diseased) and healthy tomato plants.
Figure 2. Mean of the response variables, obtained at the end of the experiment, for each treatment applied to ToBRFV- infected (diseased) and healthy tomato plants.
Figure 1. Comparison of mean values for response variables (height, severity, and weight of tomato plants) assessed under each treatment, accompanied by Tukey-Kramer HSD test-generated grouping letters.
Figure 1. Comparison of mean values for response variables (height, severity, and weight of tomato plants) assessed under each treatment, accompanied by Tukey-Kramer HSD test-generated grouping letters.