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of Phytopathology

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Weeds and ruderal plants as potential sources of inoculum for vegetable diseases in northern Sinaloa

By Rubén Félix Gastélum, Gabriel Herrera Rodríguez, Karla Yeriana Leyva Madrigal, Guadalupe Arlene Mora Romero

* Corresponding Author. Email: / Institution:

Accepted: 15/December/2023 – Published: 28/December/2023 – DOI: https://doi.org/10.18781/R.MEX.FIT.2023-4

Abstract Weeds and ruderal plants of the families Cucurbitaceae and Solanaceae are addressed as potential sources of inoculum for the development of viral diseases such as Tomato apex necrosis virus (ToANV), zucchini (Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), Papaya ring spot virus (PRSV-W) and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Reference is made to weeds and ruderal plants as potential sources of inoculum, including wild sunflower for powdery mildew (Golovinomyces spadiceus), wild tobacco for foliar blight (Alternaria spp.), black nightshade for leaf spot (Curvularia moehlemvekiae), Johnson grass for foliar blight (Alternaria sp.), and wild castor bean for foliar blight (Alternaria ricini) and wild melon for downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis). Future lines of multidisciplinary research focusing on the determination of pathogenicity in cultivated plants of viruses and fungi associated with wild plants and vice versa are proposed; the spatial-temporal distribution of wild plants that may serve as sources of inoculum, as well as the of potential insect vectors of viral diseases, should also be studied. The implementation of modern molecular techniques, such as High Throughput Sequencing, for the detection of phytopathogens is important. All this will contribute to the implementation of environmentally friendly strategies for disease control in agricultural crops in Sinaloa, for the benefit of the vegetable growers

Keywords: inoculum, vectors, managements of diseases

Figure 1. Symptoms induced by <em>Tomato apex necrosis virus</em> (ToANV). A) Necrosis in young growth of tomato; B) Necrosis in tomato fruit; C) interveinal chlorosis in leaves of husk tomato; D) Yellowing in wild husk tomato (Physallis sp.); E) Slight yellowing and deformation of initial leaves in black nightshade (Solanum nigrum); F) Initial symptoms of interveinal chlorosis; G) Intense chlorosis and vein greening of wild tobacco (Nicotiana glauca) leaves; H) General yellowing in black nightshade (Solanum asureum).
Figure 1. Symptoms induced by Tomato apex necrosis virus (ToANV). A) Necrosis in young growth of tomato; B) Necrosis in tomato fruit; C) interveinal chlorosis in leaves of husk tomato; D) Yellowing in wild husk tomato (Physallis sp.); E) Slight yellowing and deformation of initial leaves in black nightshade (Solanum nigrum); F) Initial symptoms of interveinal chlorosis; G) Intense chlorosis and vein greening of wild tobacco (Nicotiana glauca) leaves; H) General yellowing in black nightshade (Solanum asureum).
Figure 2. Symptoms induced by the virus Zucchini yellows mosaic virus (ZYMV). A) Yellowing in Zucchini squash var. Grey leaf; B) Symptoms of deformation of the fruit of the same host caused by the same virus.
Figure 2. Symptoms induced by the virus Zucchini yellows mosaic virus (ZYMV). A) Yellowing in Zucchini squash var. Grey leaf; B) Symptoms of deformation of the fruit of the same host caused by the same virus.
Figure 3. Symptoms induced by the virus Zucchini yellows mosaic virus (ZYMV). A) Yellowing in Zucchini squash var. Grey leaf; B) Symptoms of deformation of the fruit of the same host caused by the same virus.
Figure 3. Symptoms induced by the virus Zucchini yellows mosaic virus (ZYMV). A) Yellowing in Zucchini squash var. Grey leaf; B) Symptoms of deformation of the fruit of the same host caused by the same virus.
Table 1. Viruses causing diseases in cucurbits and tomato in Sinaloa and other parts of the world
Table 1. Viruses causing diseases in cucurbits and tomato in Sinaloa and other parts of the world