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Búsquedas previas al 2023, Núm. 3. En la sección Volúmenes 30 - 41 (2012 - 2023).
Hrp proteins as bioinducers for the biocontrol of bacterial diseases in tomato and pepper plants in greenhouse
By María del Sol Cuellar Espejel, Evangelina Esmeralda Quiñones Aguilar, Gabriel Rincón Enríquez*, Rodolfo Hernández Gutiérrez, Juan Carlos Mateos Díaz, Sergio David Valerio Landa
* Corresponding Author. Email: / Institution:
Received: 15/November/2024 – Published: 13/February/2025 – DOI: https://doi.org/10.18781/R.MEX.FIT.2024-25
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Abstract Background/Objective. Diseases such as bacterial spot in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and bacterial spot in chili pepper (Capsicum annuum) cause significant global economic losses. A sustainable alternative for their control is the use of protein inducers (Harpin proteins = Hrp) that activate plant defense responses by being recognized by the plant immune system, inducing defense mechanisms against pathogens. The objective of this research was to evaluate the biological effectiveness and optimal application dose of the biological inducer BioFensa (based on Hrp proteins), produced in a pilot plant, to control these diseases.
Materials and Methods. Three greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the biological effectiveness of BioFensa (1 μg mL⁻¹). The protein inducer was tested for controlling bacterial spot (X. euvesicatoria strain BV865 [1] and BV801 [2]), as well as bacterial speck (P. syringae pv. tomato, strain DC3000 [3]). Each experiment included 5 treatments and 11 replicates. Additionally, an experiment was conducted to determine the optimal dose of BioFensa (0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 μg mL⁻¹) against X. euvesicatoria strain BV801, with 7 treatments and 8 replicates [4]. In the four experiments in total, plants were sprayed with BioFensa (3 mL per plant) 24 hours before infection, and symptoms were evaluated after 30 days by counting spots on the foliar tissue.
Results. BioFensa was effective in significantly reducing damage in chili and tomato plants (LSD, p≤0.05). At a high concentration (1 μg mL⁻¹), it prevented the appearance of spots on tomato plants by 53%, while for chili plants against strain BV865, it prevented spots by 60%. On the other hand, for chili plants against strain BV801, at low concentrations (0.01 and 0.1 μg mL⁻¹), symptoms were significantly reduced by 38-41%, whereas at a higher concentration (1 μg mL⁻¹), this effect was not maintained, suggesting a limit in the perception of inducers by the plants.
Conclusion. The results suggest that BioFensa has the potential to be an effective alternative to control diseases in horticultural crops such as tomatoes and chili peppers.
Keywords: Biological control, resistance inducer, bacterial spot, plant defense system, bacterial speck.
Table 1. Composition of the treatments of Experiment 4 to determine the effect of different doses of the protein inducers under greenhouse conditions for chili pepper plants.
Figure 1. Biological effectiveness of different biological treatments for the control of P. syringae pv. tomato, strain DC3000 (bacterial speck) in tomato plants under greenhouse conditions, depending on the amount of necrotic, chlorotic and total spots per plant. PS=Healthy plant; PE=Diseased plant; AG=Actigard® (0.003 g mL−1); MG= Messenger Gold® (0.003 g mL−1); BF= BioFensa (1 μg mL−1). Different letters in each response variable indicate significant differences according to the LSD test (p≤0.05). Bars in the rectangle indicate ± the standard error.
Figure 2. Biological effectiveness of different biological treatments for the control of X. euvesicatoria, strain BV865 in ancho chili pepper plants, San Luis variety, under greenhouse conditions, depending on the amount of necrotic, chlorotic and total spots per plant. PS=Healthy plant; PE=Diseased plant; AG=Actigard® (0.003 g mL−1); MG= Messenger Gold® (0.003 g mL−1); BF= BioFensa (1 μg mL−1). Different letters in each response variable indicate significant differences according to the LSD test (p≤0.05). Bars in the rectangle indicate ± the standard error.
Figure 3. Biological effectiveness of different biological treatments for the control of X. euvesicatoria, BV801, in ancho chili peppers San Luis variety under greenhouse conditions, according to the number of necrotic, chlorotic and total spots per plant. PS=Healthy plant; PE=Diseased plant; AG=Actigard® (0.003 g mL−1); MG= Messenger Gold® (0.003 g mL−1); BF= BioFensa (1 μg mL−1). Different letters in each response variable indicate significant differences according to the LSD test (p≤0.05). Bars in the rectangle indicate ± the standard error.
Figure 4. Effect of different doses of BioFensa (0.01, 0.1 and 1 μg mL−1) on the control of X. euvesicatoria, strain BV801 on ancho chili plants, San Luis variety, under greenhouse conditions. PS=Healthy plant; PE=Diseased plant. Different letters indicate, within each response variable, significant differences according to the LSD test (p≤0.05). Bars in the rectangle indicate ± the standard error.
