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of Phytopathology

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Nejayote valorization as a culture medium for Pseudomonas fluorescens and production of antifungal extracts

By Víctor Manuel Rodríguez Romero, Ramón Villanueva Arce, Enrique Durán Páramo*

* Corresponding Author. Email: / Institution: Instituto Politécnico Nacional

Accepted: 05/June/2024 – Published: 20/June/2024 – DOI: https://doi.org/10.18781/R.MEX.FIT.2405-3

Abstract Background / Objetive. Nejayote is an alkaline agroindustrial waste that is generated from the nixtamalization process of corn. The purpose of this work was to demonstrate that nejayote can be used as a culture medium for the growth of Pseudomonas fluorescens NR113647 and to produce metabolites with antifungal activity for the sustainable management of Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium solani.

Materials and Methods. Culture media were formulated with nejayote and nejayote with glycerol, with pH 6 and 12. The bacterial biomass was separated by centrifugation and filtration and the antifungal capacity of the extracts against A. niger, B. cinerea and F. solani was determined. The determination of the metabolites present in the extracts was carried out. P. fluorescens NR113647 was able to grow on all media.

Results. The extracts from nejayote at pH 12 showed inhibition of the growth of all the fungi evaluated; at least five metabolites produced by P. fluorescens NR113647 and involved in the biocontrol of phytopathogens were identified.

Conclusion. Nejayote can be used as a culture medium for P. fluorescens NR113647, to produce biomass and secondary metabolites with antifungal capacity; in addition, nejayote could be used for the cultivation of other microorganisms.

Keywords: Biological control, nixtamalization, antifungal activity

Figure 1. Identification of the production of hydrogen cyanide in a Petri dish. Negative control of distilled water (A), extracts free of <em>P. fluorescens</em> NR113647 cells in a KB6 medium (B) and extracts free of <em>P. fluorescens</em> NR113647 cells in a N12 medium (C).
Figure 1. Identification of the production of hydrogen cyanide in a Petri dish. Negative control of distilled water (A), extracts free of P. fluorescens NR113647 cells in a KB6 medium (B) and extracts free of P. fluorescens NR113647 cells in a N12 medium (C).
Figure 2. Identification of siderophores, Petri dish with distilled water as a control (A) and extracts free of <em>P. fluorescens</em> NR113647 cells (B) (Trejo-Raya <em>et al.,</em> 2021) and extracts free of <em>P. fluorescens</em> NR113647 cells in a N12 medium (C).
Figure 2. Identification of siderophores, Petri dish with distilled water as a control (A) and extracts free of P. fluorescens NR113647 cells (B) (Trejo-Raya et al., 2021) and extracts free of P. fluorescens NR113647 cells in a N12 medium (C).
Table 1. Evaluation of the growth of <em>P. fluorescens</em> NR113647 and pH values of the different treatments after 72 h of incubation
Table 1. Evaluation of the growth of P. fluorescens NR113647 and pH values of the different treatments after 72 h of incubation
Table 2. Evaluation of the antifungal effect of the extracts obtained from <em>P. fluorescens</em> NR113647, on the mycelial growth and the inhibition of <em>Fusarium solani</em>, <em>Botrytis cinerea</em> and <em>Aspergillus niger</em>.
Table 2. Evaluation of the antifungal effect of the extracts obtained from P. fluorescens NR113647, on the mycelial growth and the inhibition of Fusarium solani, Botrytis cinerea and Aspergillus niger.
Table 3. Retention factors of the <em>P. fluorescens</em> NR113647 extracts obtained from treatment N12, comparison against standard compounds
Table 3. Retention factors of the P. fluorescens NR113647 extracts obtained from treatment N12, comparison against standard compounds