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Búsquedas previas al 2023, Núm. 3. En la sección Volúmenes 30 - 41 (2012 - 2023).
Resistance to Phytophthora capsici in manzano chili grafted onto CM-334, grown in infested soil, with applications of auxins and Trichoderma harzianum
By Tabita Queren Pérez Reyes, Santos Gerardo Leyva Mir, Mario Pérez Grajales*, María Teresa Martínez Damián, Rogelio Castro Brindis
* Corresponding Author. Email: / Institution:
Received: 30/August/2024 – Published: 08/March/2025 – DOI: https://doi.org/10.18781/R.MEX.FIT.2408-5
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Abstract Background/Objective. Phytophthora capsici causes losses of up to 100 % in Capsicum pubescens and there are no resistant commercial varieties. A viable and sustainable alternative is to use the CM-334 rootstock (Capsicum annuum), which is universally resistant to Phytophthora capsici.
Materials and Methods. The following was studied: the root biomass of CM-334 when grafting the mazano chili hybrids ‘Maruca’, ‘Jhos’, and ‘Dali’, the resistance of the graft to P. capsici in infested soil and its yield (hybrid ‘Dali’), and the root biomass of CM-334 with applications of auxins and T. harzianum.
Results. As a rootstock, CM-334 exhibited 50, 53 and 75 % less root volume, fresh weight, and dry weight, respectively, compared to non-grafted hybrids. Using the CM-334 rootstock, there was no incidence of P. capsici and the yield decreased by 2 %, and even with T. harzianum, alone or in combination with 1200 ppm of IBA, the yield increased by 8 %. The grafted ‘Dali’ hybrid had 32, 50, 50, and 76 % less root length, volume, fresh weight, and dry weight, respectively, compared to the non-grafted hybrid; therefore, it is suggested to apply 1.25 kg ha-1 of T. harzianum and 1200 ppm of IBA every 20 days to improve root biomass.
Conclusion. Grafting manzano chili onto CM-334 is a viable and sustainable control alternative to reduce P. capsici incidence since none of the grafted plants showed wilt symptoms like the non-grafted ones, and the yield was the same as in the first production cycle, with the advantage that grafted plants produce more cycles (4 years), whereas the non-grafted ones die during the first cycle because of the oomycete.
Keywords: Capsicum pubescens, Capsicum annuum, chili wilt, IBA, root biomass.
Table 1. Root volume, fresh weight, and dry weight of manzano chili plants of the hybrids ‘Maruca,’ ‘Jhos,’ and ‘Dali’ grafted onto CM-334 vs. non-grafted plants grown in Chapingo, Mexico. 2017–2019 cycle.
Table 2. Means of fruit number, fruit weight per plant, and yield per hectare of manzano chili plants grafted onto CM-334 vs. non-grafted plants, with and without the application of IBA and T. harzianum, grown in Chapingo, Mexico. 2020 2021 cycle.
Table 3. Root biomass of non-grafted and CM-334-grafted manzano chili plants, with and without the application of IBA and T. harzianum, in Chapingo, Mexico. 2020–2022 cycle.
Figure 1. Arbitrary scale for evaluating the incidence and severity caused by P. capsici in ‘Dali’ hybrid manzano chili (Capsicum pubescens) plants grown in pots with P. capsici-infested soil. Chapingo, Mexico, 2020–2021.
Figure 2. Root of non-grafted vs. CM-334-grafted manzano chili hybrid grown in hydroponics and greenhouse conditions in Chapingo, Mexico (2017–2019). A) Maruca, B) Maruca grafted, C) Jhos, D) Jhos grafted, E) Dali, F) Dali grafted.
Figure 3. A) Bipapillate sporangium and smooth mycelium; B) Unipapillate sporangium with zoospores of P. capsici obtained from infested soil in Chapingo, Mexico.
Figure 4. Area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) of P. capsici in manzano chili plants grown in Chapingo, Mexico, from 2020 to 2021. dat: days after transplantation. D: non-grafted ‘Dali’ hybrid, d: days (application frequency). zSame letters indicate no statistically significant differences (Fisher’s LSD, P≤0.05).
Figure 5. Morphological characterization of P. capsici in diseased plants. A) cottony growth, B y C) bipapillate sporangium of P. capsici in manzano chili in Chapingo, Mexico.
